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課程名稱 |
身體與自我意識三
Body and Self-consciousness (Ⅲ) |
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開課學期 |
108-2 |
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授課對象 |
文學院 哲學系 |
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授課教師 |
梁益堉 |
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課號 |
Phl3818 |
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課程識別碼 |
104 45730 |
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班次 |
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學分 |
3.0 |
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全/半年 |
半年 |
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必/選修 |
選修 |
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上課時間 |
星期五2,3,4(9:10~12:10) |
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上課地點 |
哲研討室二 |
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備註 |
本課程中文授課,使用英文教科書。(C)哲學專題群組，群組課程請參閱本系網頁修業課程規定。
總人數上限：15人 |
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Ceiba 課程網頁 |
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1082Phl3818_bsc3 |
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課程簡介影片 |
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核心能力關聯 |
核心能力與課程規劃關聯圖 |
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課程大綱
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為確保您我的權利,請尊重智慧財產權及不得非法影印
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課程概述 |
這是為大學部同學設計的跨領域課程，雖不預設任何背景知識，但會是一門重的課。我們會深入探討關於身體與自我意識的哲學與科學議題。例如：首先，我們嘗試區分「身體擁有感」與「經驗歸屬感」。前者是關於我是否將某一肢體或整個身體感受成自己的，後前者是關於我是否將自己經歷為某個經驗的當事者。接著，我們探討三項議題：(1)「部分肢體的擁有感」與「全身體的擁有感」之間的關係，(2)「動作感」與「身體擁有感」之間的關係，以及(3)「身體擁有感」與「經驗歸屬感」之間的關係。我們除了討論相關的哲學作品與認知神經科學的論文，也會嘗試設計實驗來研究各種有趣的「身體錯覺」。例如：橡膠手錯覺、身體交換錯覺，以及我們最近在「神經科學與哲學實驗室」所設計的「自我觸碰錯覺」與「四隻手錯覺」等。研究這些新議題將有助於瞭解身體與自我意識之間的複雜關係。 |
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課程目標 |
本課程有四項目標：第一，能瞭解與身體與自我意識相關的哲學問題。第二，學習如何仔細閱讀哲學與科學作品，並練習使寫作更為清晰。第三，學習設計實驗來從事跨領域研究。第四，對於一些重要議題能發展出自己的想法。 |
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課程要求 |
學生除了得花功夫研讀困難的哲學作品，在上課時參與討論，評估各種立場的論證，也需要在作業中提出自己的觀點，並加以辯護。 |
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預期每週課後學習時數 |
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Office Hours |
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指定閱讀 |
Readings will be selected from the list below: |
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參考書目 |
1. Bertamini, M., Berselli, N., Bode, C., Lawson, R., & Wong, L. T. (2011). The rubber hand illusion in a mirror. Consciousness and cognition, 20(4), 1108-1119.
2. Blanke, O., and Metzinger, T. (2009). Full-body illusions and minimal phenomenal selfhood. Trends in cognitive sciences, 13(1), 7-13.
3. Blanke, O. (2012). Multisensory brain mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(8), 556-571.
4. Bottini, G. et al. (2002). Feeling touches in someone else's hand. Neuroreport, 13(2), 249-252.
5. Botvinick, M., and Cohen, J. (1998). Rubber hands 'feel' touch that eyes see. Nature, 391(6669), 756.
6. Christoff, K., Cosmelli, D., Legrand, D., and Thompson, E. (2011). Specifying the self for cognitive neuroscience. Trends in cognitive sciences, 15(3), 104-112.
7. Van Doorn, G., Hohwy, J., and Symmons, M. (2014). Can you tickle yourself if you swap bodies with someone else?. Consciousness and cognition, 23, 1-11.
8. Ehrsson, H. H. (2007). The experimental induction of out-of-body experiences. Science, 317(5841), 1048.
9. Ehrsson, H. H. (2009). How many arms make a pair? Perceptual illusion of having an additional limb. Perception, 38(2), 310-312.
10. Ehrsson, H. H. (2012). “The concept of body ownership and its relation to multisensory integration,” In The New Handbook of Multisensory Processes, Chapter 43, ed. B. E. Stein (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 775–792.
11. Guterstam, A. et al. (2011). The illusion of owning a third arm. PLoS One, 6(2), e17208.
12. Guterstam, A., and Ehrsson, H. H. (2012). Disowning one’s seen real body during an out-of-body illusion. Consciousness and cognition, 21(2), 1037-1042.
13. Heydrich, L. et al. (2013). Visual capture and the experience of having two bodies–Evidence from two different virtual reality techniques. Frontiers in psychology, 4. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00946
14. Van der Hoort, B., Guterstam, A., and Ehrsson, H. H. (2011). Being Barbie: the size of one’s own body determines the perceived size of the world. PLoS One,6(5), e20195. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020195
15. Kalckert, A., and Ehrsson, H. H. (2012). Moving a rubber hand that feels like your own: a dissociation of ownership and agency. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 6. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00040
16. Kammers, M. et al. (2009). The rubber hand illusion in action. Neuropsychologia, 47(1), 204-211.
17. Legrand, D. (2006). The bodily self: The sensori-motor roots of pre-reflective self-consciousness. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 5(1), 89-118.
18. Lenggenhager, B. et al. (2007). Video ergo sum: manipulating bodily self-consciousness. Science, 317(5841), 1096-1099.
19. Lenggenhager, B., Mouthon, M., and Blanke, O. (2009). Spatial aspects of bodily self-consciousness. Consciousness and cognition, 18(1), 110-117.
20. Petkova, V. I., and Ehrsson, H. H. (2008). If I were you: perceptual illusion of body swapping. PloS one, 3(12), e3832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003832
21. Petkova, V et al. (2011). The perspective matters! Multisensory integration in ego-centric reference frames determines full-body ownership. Frontiers in Psychology, 2(35), 2. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00035
22. Pfeiffer, C., Lopez, C., Schmutz, V., Duenas, J. A., Martuzzi, R., and Blanke, O. (2013). Multisensory origin of the subjective first-person perspective: visual, tactile, and vestibular mechanisms. PLoS One, 8(4), e61751. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061751
23. Tsakiris, M., Prabhu, G., and Haggard, P. (2006). Having a body versus moving your body: How agency structures body-ownership. Consciousness and Cognition, 15(2), 423-432.
24. Tsakiris, M. (2010). My body in the brain: A neurocognitive model of body-ownership. Neuropsychologia, 48(3), 703-712. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.034
25. Tsakiris, M. (2011). The sense of body ownership. In The Oxford handbook of self, ed. S. Gallagher (New York: Oxford University Press), 180–203.
26. Wittgenstein, L. (1958) The Blue and Brown Books, Harper & Row Publishers.
27. 梁益堉 (2019). “自我意識與身體經驗”,《華文哲學百科》 |
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評量方式
(僅供參考) |
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No. |
項目 |
百分比 |
說明 |
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1. |
Discussion |
30% |
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2. |
Presentation |
30% |
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3. |
Final Paper |
40% |
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週次 |
日期 |
單元主題 |
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第1週 |
2/21 |
Introduction: bodily experiences and philosophical issues |
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第2週 |
2/28 |
國定假日 |
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第3週 |
3/06 |
Rubber hand illusion & Full body illusions
1. Botvinick, M., and Cohen, J. (1998). Rubber hands 'feel' touch that eyes see. Nature, 391(6669), 756.
2. Lenggenhager, B., Tadi, T., Metzinger, T., and Blanke, O. (2007). Video ergo sum: manipulating bodily self-consciousness. Science, 317(5841), 1096-1099.
3. Ehrsson, H. H. (2007). The experimental induction of out-of-body experiences. Science, 317(5841), 1048.
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第4週 |
3/13 |
Philosophical interpretation I
1. Blanke, O., and Metzinger, T. (2009). Full-body illusions and minimal phenomenal selfhood. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13, 7-13.
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第5週 |
3/20 |
Philosophical interpretation II
1. Legrand, D. (2010). Myself with No Body? Body, Bodily-Consciousness and Self-consciousness. In Handbook of Phenomenology and Cognitive Science, 180-200. Springer Netherlands.
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第6週 |
3/27 |
Lab visit & practice |
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第7週 |
4/03 |
春假 |
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第8週 |
4/10 |
Body swap illusion & First-person perspective
1. Petkova, V. I., and Ehrsson, H. H. (2008). If I were you: perceptual illusion of body swapping. PloS one, 3(12), e3832.
2. Petkova, V. I., et al. (2011). The perspective matters! Multisensory integration in ego-centric reference frames determines full-body ownership. Front Psychol 2: 35.
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第9週 |
4/17 |
RHI, 1PP & Full-body ownership
1. Guterstam, A., Petkova, V. I., and Ehrsson, H. H. (2011). The illusion of owning a third arm. PLoS One 6(2), e17208.
2. Guterstam, A., and Ehrsson, H. H. (2012). Disowning one’s seen real body during an out-of-body illusion. Consciousness and cognition, 21(2), 1037-1042.
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第10週 |
4/24 |
NTU NeuroPhilosophy Lab Projects
1. Liang, C., Chang, S. Y., Chen, W. Y., Huang, H. C., Lee, Y. T. (2015). Body ownership and experiential ownership in the self-touching illusion. Frontiers in Psychology, section Consciousness Research.
2. Huang, H. C., Lee, Y. T., Chen, W. Y., Liang, C. (2017). The sense of 1PP-location contributes to shaping the perceived self-location together with the sense of body-location. Frontiers in Psychology, 8:370, 1-12.
3. Lee, Y. T., Chen, W. Y., Huang, H. C., Liang, C. (working paper). ‘Who’ felt the touch on my hand?
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第11週 |
5/01 |
Pilot study 1 |
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第12週 |
5/08 |
Group presentation 1 |
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第13週 |
5/15 |
Pilot study 2 |
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第14週 |
5/22 |
Group presentation 2 |
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第15週 |
5/29 |
Pilot study 3 |
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第16週 |
6/05 |
Group presentation 3 |
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第17週 |
6/12 |
Final presentation - Last Class |
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